Structural features of the social well-being of the population of Tuva: gender aspect

Objective of the study is to study the causes that determine the process of social well-being of people living in Tuva, taking into account gender. The social well-being of citizens depends on how stable and to what extent the needs for food and security are met. As a problem field, we considered the socio-economic processes taking place in society, as a result of which there are prerequisites for instability of the social well-being of various segments of the population. The methodological basis of the research is based on the integration of the principles of interdisciplinary social and humanitarian research and the intentions of system analysis, which allows integrating the capabilities of analytics in various aspects of social and investment activities. The analysis of the factors of social well-being was carried out on the basis of a methodological approach proposed by a French sociologist J.-P. Pages (1991), the author of the constructivist theory of public opinion. A matrix of initial data was formed based on the reproduction of two general aggregates – respondents and social problems. Research results. As a result, it becomes obvious that gender differences are important in the process of forming social well-being. Gender identity determines a significant differentiation of the population in terms of perception of their position in society and, accordingly, emotional response to this situation. Special attention was paid to the social groups most vulnerable from the point of view of social well-being. To identify these groups, criteria for positive, satisfactory and unfavorable social well-being were developed. The characteristic of each of these groups from the point of view of social conditions of existence is given. Although representatives of both gender groups were influenced by the same social factors, we observe significant differences in their social well-being. In women, it is caused by their internal psychological problems, women experience physical malaise more acutely, react more emotionally to various life situations. Men perceive problems in the opposite way, not focusing on negative experiences, but focusing more on, for example, physical activity. The results of our analysis are fully consistent with the distribution of gender roles in modern society, where the factor of activity and action for men is more significant than the emotional and psychological one, which is not a factor of action, but of state. Prospects of the study. The patterns identified during the sociological research can be taken into account when developing socio-economic programs, as well as social policy measures that should take into account the gender approach.