Цифровая диаспора мигрантов: к вопросу о методологии исследования
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Волков Ю. Г., Курбатов В. И. Цифровая диаспора мигрантов: к вопросу о методологии исследования // Гуманитарий Юга России. 2020. Том 9. № 5. С. 36-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18522/2227-8656.2020.5.2
Аннотация
В статье обсуждается понятие цифровой диаспоры мигрантов, которое используется для изучения миграционных процессов, устанавливается, что оно характеризует специфический социально-информационный и коммуникационный квазиинститут, который реализует в себе различные виды информационного взаимодействия, что данное понятие является многозначным и противоречивым, и его анализ на основе методологических установок традиционных методов анализа (методология виртуальной этнографии, массмедийные практики, статистические количественные методы) дает специализированную характеристику исследуемого объекта, а расширение охвата понятием «цифровая диаспора» все большей сферы социально-информационных практик мигрантов, связанных с транснационализмом и глобальной миграцией, требует для его системного изучения системной методологии, чем является методология цифровых гуманитарных наук, которая дает возможность применения гуманитарного инструментария к огромным базам данных, представляемых инновационными информационными технологиями.
Ключевые слова:
мигранты, социальные сети, цифровая диаспора, виртуальная этнография, массмедийные практики, цифровые гуманитарные науки
Литература
Вартанова Е.Л., Вырковский А.В., Макеенко М.И., Смирнов С.С. Индустрия российских медиа: цифровое будущее. М.: МедиаМир, 2017. 160 с.
Исхакова Л.Г. Цифровая диаспора: особенности структуры мигрантских сообществ в условиях информационного общества // Казанский социально-гуманитарный вестник. 2016. № 6.
Кужелева-Саган И.П., Глухов А.П., Ахметова Л.В., Бычкова М.Н., Гужова И.В., Носова С.С., Окушова Г.А., Стаховская Ю.М. «Цифровые диаспоры» мигрантов из Центральной Азии: виртуальная сетевая организация, дискурс «воображаемого сообщества» и конкуренция идентичностей / науч. ред. И.П. Кужелева-Саган. Томск: Изд. дом Томского гос. ун-та, 2016. 168 с.
Alinejad D., Candidatu L., Mevsimler M., Minchilli C., Ponzanesi S., Vlist F. van der. Diaspora and mapping methodologies: tracing transnational digital connections with «mattering maps» // Global Networks. 2019. Vol. 19, № 1. P. 21–43. Available at: https:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/pdf/10.1111/glob.12197.
Alonso A., Oiarzabal P.J. The immigrant worlds’ digital harbors: An introduction // Diasporas in the new media age. Identity, Politics and Community. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2010. С. 1–15.
Аndersson K.B. Digital Diasporas: an overview of the research areas of migration and new media throught a narrative literature review // Human Technology Volume. 2019. Vol. 15 (2). P. 142–180.
Andersson K.B. The Online Durga. EASA Medianthro Network, e-seminar 2007. Available at: http://www.media-anthropology.net/index. php/e-seminars.
Ardévol E., Gómez-Cruz E. Digital ethnography and media practices // A.N. Valdiva, J. Nerone, K. Gates, S. Mazzarella, V. Mayer, E. Scharrer, R. Paramewsaran, & F. Darling-Wolf (Eds.). The international encyclopedia of media studies. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Joyn Wiley & Sons, 2014. Vol. 7. P. 498–528.
Axel B.K. The context of diaspora // Cultural Anthropology. 2004. Vol. 19 (1). P. 26–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1525/can.2004.19.1.26.
Benítez J.L. Salvadoran transnational families: ICT and communication practices in the network society // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38 (9). Р. 1439–1449. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2012. 698214.
Blank G., Reisdorf B.C. The participatory Web: A user perspective on Web 2.0 // Information Communication and Society. 2012. Vol. 15(4). P. 537–554. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/1369118X.2012.665935.
Borkert M., Cingolani P., Premazzi V. The state of the art of research in the EU on the take up and use of ICT by immigrants and ethnic minorities. European Commission Joint Research Centre (EUR 22991 EN). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.
Bozdag C. Ethnicity in digital crossroads: Understanding processes of cultural thickening in a mediatized world // Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture. 2014. Vol. 5 (1). P. 139–152. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1386/cjmc.5.1.139_1.
Brinkerhoff J. M. Digital diasporas: Identity and transnational engagement. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759270999257x.
Carpenter R., Jose B. Transnational issue networks in real and virtual space: The case of women, peace and security // Global Networks. 2012. Vol. 12 (4). P. 525–543. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2012.00363.x.
Chopra R. Global primordialities: Virtual identity politics in online Hindutva and online Dalit discourse // New Media and Society. 2006. Vol. 8(2). P. 187–206. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 0.1177/1461444806061942.
Coleman E.G. Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media // Annual Review of Anthropology. 2010. Vol. 39 (1). P. 487–505. Available at: doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104945.
Colic-Peisker V. Free floating in the cosmopolis: Exploring the identity-belonging of transnational knowledge workers // Global Networks. 2010. Vol. 10 (4). P. 467–488. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00298.x.
Convers D. Irresponsible radicalisation: Diasporas, globalisation and long-distance nationalism in the digital age // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38 (9). P. 1357–1379. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183X. 2012.698204.
Couldry N. Theorising media as practice // Social Semiotics. 2004. Vol. 14 (2). P. 115–132. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1035033042 000238295.
De Kruijf J. Introduction migrant transnationalism and the Internet // In A. K Sahoo & J. G. de Kruijf (Eds.). Indian transnationalism online: New perspectives on diaspora. London, UK: Taylor and Francis Group, 2014. P. 1-17.
Diamandaki K. Virtual ethnicity and digital diasporas: Identity construction in cyberspace // Global Media Journal. 2003. Vol. 2 (2). P. 1–14.
Diminescu D., Loveluck B. Traces of dispersion: Online media and diasporic identities // Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture. 2014. Vol. 5(1). P. 2–39. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1386/cjmc.5.1.23_1.
Drucker J. Intro to Digital Humanities: Introduction. UCLA Center for Digital Humanities // Center for Digital Humanities. 2016.
Durham M. Constructing the “new ethnicities”: media, sexuality, and diaspora identity in the lives of South Asian immigrant girls // Critical Studies in Media Communication. 2004. Vol. 21 (2). P. 140–161. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/07393180410001688047.
Everett A. Digital diaspora: a race for cyberspace. Albany: SUNY Press, 2009.
Garcia A., Pereira De Mattos B., Silveira M. Online Ethnography Studies in Computer Science: A Systematic Mapping // Social Computing and Social Media. User Experience and Behavior. International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media. Las Vegas, NV, USA. 2018. P. 32–45. Available at: https:// link.springer.com/ chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-91521-0.
Garcia C.A., Standlee A.I., Bechkoff J., Cui Y. Ethnographic Approaches to the Internet and Computer-Mediated Communication // Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 2009. Vol. 38 (1). P. 52–84.
Gillespie M., Herbert D., Andersson M. The Mumbai attacks and diasporic nationalism: BBC World Service online forums as conflict, contact and comfort zones // South Asian Diaspora. 2010. Vol. 2 (1). P. 109–129. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/19438190903542109.
Hall S. New ethnicities // D. Morley & K.-H. Chen (Eds.). Stuart Hall: Critical dialogues in cultural studies. London, UK: Routledge, 1996. P. 442–451.
Hsu W.F. Mapping the Kominas’ sociomusical transnation: Punk, diaspora, and digital media // Asian Journal of Communication. 2013. Vol. 23 (4). P. 386–402. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/01292986.2013.804103.
Kissau K. Structuring migrants’ political activities on the Internet: A two-dimensional approach // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38 (9). P. 1381–1403. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2012.698207.
Laguerre M. Digital diaspora: Definition and models // In A. Alonso & P. Oiarzabal (Eds.). Diasporas in the new media age: Identity, politics, and community. Reno, NV, USA: University of Nevada Press, 2010. P. 47–67.
Lane J. The Digital Street: An Ethnographic Study of Networked Street Life in Harlem // American Behavioral Scientist. 2016. Vol. 60 (1). P. 43–58.
Mallapragada M. Desktop deities: Hindu temples, online cultures and the politics of remediation // South Asian Popular Culture. 2010. Vol. 8(2). P. 109–121. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/14746681003797955.
Mitra A. Using blogs to create cybernetic space: Examples from people of Indian origin // Convergence. 2008. Vol. 14 (4). P. 457–472. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1177/1354856 508094663.
Nerras M. Quantifying Digital Humanities. UCL Centre for Digital Humanities. 2016. Available at: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_ humanities#:~:text=Digital%20humanities%20 incorporates%20both%20digitized,sciences% 2C%20with%20tools%20provided%20by.
Negroponte N. Being Digital. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
NurMuhammad R., Horst H.A., Papoutsaki E., Dodson G. Uyghur transnational identity on Facebook: On the development of a young diaspora // Identities. 2016. Vol. 23 (4). P. 485–499. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1070289X. 2015.1024126.
Oiarzabal P.J. Diaspora Basques and online social networks: An analysis of users of Basque institutional diaspora groups on Facebook // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. № 38 (9). P. 1469–1485. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/1369183X.2012.698216.
Ponzanesi S., Leurs K. On digital crossings in Europe // Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture. 2014. Vol. 5 (1). P. 3–22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1386/cjmc.5.1.3_1.
Portes L. E., Landolt P., Guarnizo A. The study of transnationalism: Pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field // Ethnic and Racial Studies. 1999. Vol. 22 (2). P. 217–237. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/014198799329468.
Rheingold H. The virtual vommunity. Homesteading on the electronic frontier (Rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA, USA: The MIT Press, 2000. Available at: http:// www.well.com/user/hlr/ vcbook/vcbook4.html.
Ridings C.M., Geffen D. Virtual Community Attraction: Why People Hang Out Online // Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 2006. № 10.
Rinnawi K. “Instant nationalism” and the “cyber mufti”. The Arab diaspora in Europe and the transnational media //J ournal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38 (9). P. 1541–1467. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183X. 2012.698215.
Rogers A. Observations on transnational urbanism: Broadening and narrowing the field // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2005. Vol. 31(2). P. 403–407. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183042000339990.
Scheifinge H. Internet threats to hindu authority: Puja-ordering websites and the Kalighat temple // Asian Journal of Social Science. 2010. Vol. 38 (4). P. 636–656. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1163/156853110X517818.
Siapera E. Minority activism on the Web: Between deliberative democracy and multiculturalism // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2005. Vol. 31 (3). P. 499–519. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830500058786.
Therwath I. Cyber-hindutva: Hindu nationalism, the diaspora and the Web // Social Science Information. 2012. Vol. 51(4). P. 551–577. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1177/0539018412456782.
Исхакова Л.Г. Цифровая диаспора: особенности структуры мигрантских сообществ в условиях информационного общества // Казанский социально-гуманитарный вестник. 2016. № 6.
Кужелева-Саган И.П., Глухов А.П., Ахметова Л.В., Бычкова М.Н., Гужова И.В., Носова С.С., Окушова Г.А., Стаховская Ю.М. «Цифровые диаспоры» мигрантов из Центральной Азии: виртуальная сетевая организация, дискурс «воображаемого сообщества» и конкуренция идентичностей / науч. ред. И.П. Кужелева-Саган. Томск: Изд. дом Томского гос. ун-та, 2016. 168 с.
Alinejad D., Candidatu L., Mevsimler M., Minchilli C., Ponzanesi S., Vlist F. van der. Diaspora and mapping methodologies: tracing transnational digital connections with «mattering maps» // Global Networks. 2019. Vol. 19, № 1. P. 21–43. Available at: https:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/pdf/10.1111/glob.12197.
Alonso A., Oiarzabal P.J. The immigrant worlds’ digital harbors: An introduction // Diasporas in the new media age. Identity, Politics and Community. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2010. С. 1–15.
Аndersson K.B. Digital Diasporas: an overview of the research areas of migration and new media throught a narrative literature review // Human Technology Volume. 2019. Vol. 15 (2). P. 142–180.
Andersson K.B. The Online Durga. EASA Medianthro Network, e-seminar 2007. Available at: http://www.media-anthropology.net/index. php/e-seminars.
Ardévol E., Gómez-Cruz E. Digital ethnography and media practices // A.N. Valdiva, J. Nerone, K. Gates, S. Mazzarella, V. Mayer, E. Scharrer, R. Paramewsaran, & F. Darling-Wolf (Eds.). The international encyclopedia of media studies. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Joyn Wiley & Sons, 2014. Vol. 7. P. 498–528.
Axel B.K. The context of diaspora // Cultural Anthropology. 2004. Vol. 19 (1). P. 26–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1525/can.2004.19.1.26.
Benítez J.L. Salvadoran transnational families: ICT and communication practices in the network society // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38 (9). Р. 1439–1449. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2012. 698214.
Blank G., Reisdorf B.C. The participatory Web: A user perspective on Web 2.0 // Information Communication and Society. 2012. Vol. 15(4). P. 537–554. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/1369118X.2012.665935.
Borkert M., Cingolani P., Premazzi V. The state of the art of research in the EU on the take up and use of ICT by immigrants and ethnic minorities. European Commission Joint Research Centre (EUR 22991 EN). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.
Bozdag C. Ethnicity in digital crossroads: Understanding processes of cultural thickening in a mediatized world // Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture. 2014. Vol. 5 (1). P. 139–152. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1386/cjmc.5.1.139_1.
Brinkerhoff J. M. Digital diasporas: Identity and transnational engagement. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759270999257x.
Carpenter R., Jose B. Transnational issue networks in real and virtual space: The case of women, peace and security // Global Networks. 2012. Vol. 12 (4). P. 525–543. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2012.00363.x.
Chopra R. Global primordialities: Virtual identity politics in online Hindutva and online Dalit discourse // New Media and Society. 2006. Vol. 8(2). P. 187–206. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 0.1177/1461444806061942.
Coleman E.G. Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media // Annual Review of Anthropology. 2010. Vol. 39 (1). P. 487–505. Available at: doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104945.
Colic-Peisker V. Free floating in the cosmopolis: Exploring the identity-belonging of transnational knowledge workers // Global Networks. 2010. Vol. 10 (4). P. 467–488. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00298.x.
Convers D. Irresponsible radicalisation: Diasporas, globalisation and long-distance nationalism in the digital age // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38 (9). P. 1357–1379. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183X. 2012.698204.
Couldry N. Theorising media as practice // Social Semiotics. 2004. Vol. 14 (2). P. 115–132. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1035033042 000238295.
De Kruijf J. Introduction migrant transnationalism and the Internet // In A. K Sahoo & J. G. de Kruijf (Eds.). Indian transnationalism online: New perspectives on diaspora. London, UK: Taylor and Francis Group, 2014. P. 1-17.
Diamandaki K. Virtual ethnicity and digital diasporas: Identity construction in cyberspace // Global Media Journal. 2003. Vol. 2 (2). P. 1–14.
Diminescu D., Loveluck B. Traces of dispersion: Online media and diasporic identities // Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture. 2014. Vol. 5(1). P. 2–39. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1386/cjmc.5.1.23_1.
Drucker J. Intro to Digital Humanities: Introduction. UCLA Center for Digital Humanities // Center for Digital Humanities. 2016.
Durham M. Constructing the “new ethnicities”: media, sexuality, and diaspora identity in the lives of South Asian immigrant girls // Critical Studies in Media Communication. 2004. Vol. 21 (2). P. 140–161. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/07393180410001688047.
Everett A. Digital diaspora: a race for cyberspace. Albany: SUNY Press, 2009.
Garcia A., Pereira De Mattos B., Silveira M. Online Ethnography Studies in Computer Science: A Systematic Mapping // Social Computing and Social Media. User Experience and Behavior. International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media. Las Vegas, NV, USA. 2018. P. 32–45. Available at: https:// link.springer.com/ chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-91521-0.
Garcia C.A., Standlee A.I., Bechkoff J., Cui Y. Ethnographic Approaches to the Internet and Computer-Mediated Communication // Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 2009. Vol. 38 (1). P. 52–84.
Gillespie M., Herbert D., Andersson M. The Mumbai attacks and diasporic nationalism: BBC World Service online forums as conflict, contact and comfort zones // South Asian Diaspora. 2010. Vol. 2 (1). P. 109–129. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/19438190903542109.
Hall S. New ethnicities // D. Morley & K.-H. Chen (Eds.). Stuart Hall: Critical dialogues in cultural studies. London, UK: Routledge, 1996. P. 442–451.
Hsu W.F. Mapping the Kominas’ sociomusical transnation: Punk, diaspora, and digital media // Asian Journal of Communication. 2013. Vol. 23 (4). P. 386–402. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/01292986.2013.804103.
Kissau K. Structuring migrants’ political activities on the Internet: A two-dimensional approach // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38 (9). P. 1381–1403. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2012.698207.
Laguerre M. Digital diaspora: Definition and models // In A. Alonso & P. Oiarzabal (Eds.). Diasporas in the new media age: Identity, politics, and community. Reno, NV, USA: University of Nevada Press, 2010. P. 47–67.
Lane J. The Digital Street: An Ethnographic Study of Networked Street Life in Harlem // American Behavioral Scientist. 2016. Vol. 60 (1). P. 43–58.
Mallapragada M. Desktop deities: Hindu temples, online cultures and the politics of remediation // South Asian Popular Culture. 2010. Vol. 8(2). P. 109–121. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/14746681003797955.
Mitra A. Using blogs to create cybernetic space: Examples from people of Indian origin // Convergence. 2008. Vol. 14 (4). P. 457–472. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1177/1354856 508094663.
Nerras M. Quantifying Digital Humanities. UCL Centre for Digital Humanities. 2016. Available at: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_ humanities#:~:text=Digital%20humanities%20 incorporates%20both%20digitized,sciences% 2C%20with%20tools%20provided%20by.
Negroponte N. Being Digital. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
NurMuhammad R., Horst H.A., Papoutsaki E., Dodson G. Uyghur transnational identity on Facebook: On the development of a young diaspora // Identities. 2016. Vol. 23 (4). P. 485–499. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1070289X. 2015.1024126.
Oiarzabal P.J. Diaspora Basques and online social networks: An analysis of users of Basque institutional diaspora groups on Facebook // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. № 38 (9). P. 1469–1485. Available at: https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/1369183X.2012.698216.
Ponzanesi S., Leurs K. On digital crossings in Europe // Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture. 2014. Vol. 5 (1). P. 3–22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1386/cjmc.5.1.3_1.
Portes L. E., Landolt P., Guarnizo A. The study of transnationalism: Pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field // Ethnic and Racial Studies. 1999. Vol. 22 (2). P. 217–237. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/014198799329468.
Rheingold H. The virtual vommunity. Homesteading on the electronic frontier (Rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA, USA: The MIT Press, 2000. Available at: http:// www.well.com/user/hlr/ vcbook/vcbook4.html.
Ridings C.M., Geffen D. Virtual Community Attraction: Why People Hang Out Online // Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 2006. № 10.
Rinnawi K. “Instant nationalism” and the “cyber mufti”. The Arab diaspora in Europe and the transnational media //J ournal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2012. Vol. 38 (9). P. 1541–1467. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183X. 2012.698215.
Rogers A. Observations on transnational urbanism: Broadening and narrowing the field // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2005. Vol. 31(2). P. 403–407. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1080/1369183042000339990.
Scheifinge H. Internet threats to hindu authority: Puja-ordering websites and the Kalighat temple // Asian Journal of Social Science. 2010. Vol. 38 (4). P. 636–656. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1163/156853110X517818.
Siapera E. Minority activism on the Web: Between deliberative democracy and multiculturalism // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2005. Vol. 31 (3). P. 499–519. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830500058786.
Therwath I. Cyber-hindutva: Hindu nationalism, the diaspora and the Web // Social Science Information. 2012. Vol. 51(4). P. 551–577. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1177/0539018412456782.
Статья
Поступила: 17.09.2020
Опубликована: 08.12.2020
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
APA
Волков, Ю. Г., & Курбатов, В. И. (2020). Цифровая диаспора мигрантов: к вопросу о методологии исследования. Гуманитарий Юга России, 9(5), 36-50. https://doi.org/10.18522/2227-8656.2020.5.2
Раздел
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ РОССИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО
