Состояние и трансформация института отцовства: обзор зарубежных исследований
Выражение признательности
Грант РФФИ № 19-011-00644 «Генеративное поведение российских мужчин в условиях демографического кризисаПриволжский и Северо-Западный округа РФ (сравнительный анализ)».
Для цитирования
Ильдарханова Ч. И., Барсуков В. Н. Состояние и трансформация института отцовства: обзор зарубежных исследований // Гуманитарий Юга России. 2019. Том 8. № 6. С. 211-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23683/2227-8656.2019.6.14
Аннотация
В последние десятилетия население развитых и развивающихся стран столкнулось с двумя беспрецедентными в своей истории явлениями: демографическим окном и старением населения. В условиях статистически подтверждаемой необратимости старения возрастной структуры и сохранения рождаемости ниже уровня простого воспроизводства населения правительства государств вынуждены искать новые подходы к снижению рисков депопуляции. Одним из решений выступает трансформация семейной политики, в которую закладываются принципы гендерного равенства на уровне семьи, не только способствующие, вопреки представлениям о традиционной семейной идеологии, сохранению баланса супружеских взаимоотношений, но и оказывающие положительное влияние на репродуктивные установки населения. Эти доводы подтверждаются параллельным, хотя и незначительным ростом рождаемости в развитых странах, не имеющим под собой чисто демографических оснований. При этом фокус научных исследований все больше смещается к важному, но малоизученному объекту: феномену отцовства в рамках генеративного поведения мужчин. Учитывая тот факт, что эта проблематика в русскоязычном научном сегменте раскрыта недостаточно широко, целью данной работы стало обобщение результатов теоретических и эмпирических зарубежных исследований трансформации института отцовства для формирования системного представления о закономерностях и особенностях этого явления в развитых странах. В статье представлен обзор исследований, посвященных изменению практик отцовства в различных проявлениях: участии и вовлеченности в процесс первичного ухода за детьми, воспитания, перераспределения домашних обязанностей и т.д. Главной особенностью выступает рост активного участия мужчин в вышеперечисленных мероприятиях, что демонстрирует преобразование института отцовства в качественно новое состояние, способствующее наряду с другими явлениями смене вектора рождаемости в развитых странах.
Ключевые слова:
мужчины, институт отцовства, генеративное поведение, демографический кризис
Литература
Давлетшина Л.А. Репродуктивные стратегии мужчин как фактор повышения рождаемости: территориальные различия // Солидарность и конфликты в современном обществе : XII Ковалевские чтения : материалы науч. конф. 15–17 ноября 2018 г. / отв. ред. Ю.В. Асочаков. СПб.: Скифия-принт, 2018. С. 392–394.
Давлетшина Л.А. Территориальная сегрегация социального отцовства // Развитие регионоведческих исследований в Российской Федерации: особенности и основные направления : сб. ст. Всерос. науч.-практ. конф. (г. Казань, 7 декабря 2018 г.) / Ин-т татарской энциклопедии и регионоведения АН РТ; отв. ред. Р.В. Шайдуллин, Л.М. Айнутдинова. Казань, 2018. C. 253–260.
Adler M., Lenz K. Father Involvement in the Early Years: An International Comparison of Policy and Practice. Bristol: Policy Press, 2017. 272 p.
Allen J., Hawkins A. Maternal gatekeeping: Mothers’ beliefs and behaviours that inhibit greater father involvement in family work // Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1999. Vol. 60, № 1. P. 809–820.
Barro R.J., Sala-i-Martin X. Economic growth and convergence across the United States. Cambridge: NBER, 1990. 61 p.
Barsukov V.N. From the demographic dividend to population ageing: world trends in the systemwide transition // Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast. 2019. Vol. 12, № 4. P. 167–182.
Baxter J. The Joys and Justice of Housework // Sociology. 2000. Vol. 34, № 4. P. 609–631.
Baxter J., Western M. Satisfaction with Housework: Examining the Paradox // Sociology. 1998. Vol. 32, № 1. P. 101–120.
Belsky J., Gilstrap B., Rovine M. The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, 1: Stability and change in mother-infant and father-infant interaction in a family setting at one, three, and nine months // Child Development. 1984. Vol. 55. P. 692–705.
Bianchi S.M. Maternal employment and time with children: dramatic change or surprising continuity? // Demography. 2000. Vol. 37, № 4. P. 401–414.
Craig L., Mullen K. How Mothers and Fathers Share Childcare: A Cross‐National Time‐Use Comparison // American Sociological Review. 2011. Vol. 76, № 6. P. 834–861.
Dermott E. Intimate Fatherhood: A Sociological Analysis. London: Routledge, 2008. 177 p.
Eggebeen D.J., Knoester C. Does Fatherhood Matter for Men? // Journal of Marriage and Family. 2001. Vol. 63. P. 381–393.
Fagan C., Norman H. Trends and Social Divisions in Maternal Employment Patterns Following Maternity Leave in the UK // International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. 2012. Vol. 32, № 9. P. 544–560.
Fox B. When Couples Become Parents: The Creation of Gender in the Transition to Parenthood. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 334 p.
Glass J., Fujimoto T. Housework, Paid Work, and Depression Among Husbands and Wives // Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1994. Vol. 35, № 2. P. 179–191.
Himsel A., Goldberg W. Social Comparison and Satisfaction with the Division of Housework: Implications for Men's and Women's Role Strain // Journal of Family Issues. 2003. Vol. 24. P. 843–866.
Hochschild A., Machung A. The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home. New York: Penguin, 2012. 352 p.
Hohmann-Marriott B. Father Involvement Ideals and the Union Transitions of Unmarried Parents // Journal of Family Issues. 2009. Vol. 30, № 7. P. 898–920.
Kan M.Y., Sullivan O., Gershuny J. Gender Convergence in Domestic Work: Discerning the Effects of Interactional and Institutional Barriers from Large‐Scale Data // Sociology. 2011. Vol. 45, № 2. P. 234–251.
Kodz J. Working long hours: a review of the evidence. Employment Relations Research series. London: Department of Trade and Industry, 2003. 262 p.
Lamb M.E., Chuang S.S., Hwang C.P. Internal reliability, temporal stability, and correlates of individual differences in paternal involvement: a 15-year longitudinal study. Re-conceptualizing and measuring father involvement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004. P. 129–148.
Lamb M.E., Pleck J.H., Charnov E.L., Levine J.A. A biosocial perspective on paternal behavior and involvement. Parenting across the lifespan: biosocial dimensions. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter. 1987. P. 111–142.
Lively K.J., Steelman L.C., Powell B. Equity, Emotion, and Household Division of Labor // Social Psychology Quarterly. 2010. Vol. 73, № 4. P. 358–379.
Lyonette C., Crompton R. Sharing the Load? Partners’ Relative Earnings and the Division of Domestic Labour // Work, Employment and Society. 2015. Vol. 29, № 1. P. 23–40.
McBride B.A., Rane T.R. Parenting alliance as a predictor of father involvement: an exploratory study // Family Relations. 1998. Vol. 47. P. 229–236.
McClain L. Better Parents, More Stable Partners: Union Transitions Among Cohabiting Parents // Journal of Marriage and Family. 2011. Vol. 73, № 5. 889–901.
Myrskylä M., Kohler H.-P., Billari F. C. Advances in development reverse fertility declines // Nature. 2009. № 460. P. 741-743.
Myrskylä M., Kohler H.-P., Billari F. C. High development and fertility: fertility at older reproductive ages and gender equality explain the positive link. MPIDR Working Paper WP-2011-017. 2011. 55 p.
Norman H. Paternal Involvement in Childcare: How Can it Be Classified and What Are the Key Influences // Families, Relationships and Societies. 2017. Vol. 6, № 1. P. 89–105.
Oakley A. The Sociology of Housework. Oxford, Blackwell, 1985. 243 p.
Ono H. Husbands’ and Wives’ Resources and Marital Dissolution // Journal of Marriage and Family. 1998. Vol. 60. P. 674–689.
Oppenheimer K. Women's Employment and the Gain to Marriage: The Specialization and Trading Model // Annual Review of Sociology. 1997. Vol. 23. P. 431–453.
Palkovitz R. Involved fathering and men's adult development: provisional balances. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. 326 p.
Pleck J.H. Working wives, working husbands. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1985. 122 p.
Pleck J.H. Parental involvement: levels, sources and consequences. The role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley, 1997. P. 66–103.
Pleck J.H., Masciadrelli B.P. Parental involvement: levels, sources and consequences. The role of the father in child development. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. P. 222–271.
Prince‐Cooke L. Doing’ Gender in Context: Household Bargaining and Risk of Divorce in Germany and the United States // American Journal of Sociology. 2006. Vol. 112, № 2. P. 442–472.
Ruppanner L., Branden M., Turenen J. Does Unequal Housework Lead to Divorce? Evidence from Sweden // Sociology. 2017. Vol. 52, № 1. P. 75–94.
Sandberg J.F., Hofferth S.L. Changes in children's time with parents: US 1981–1997 // Demography. 2001. Vol. 38, № 3. P. 423–436.
Sayer L., Bianchi S.M., Robinson J.P. Are parents Investing less in children? Trends in mothers’ and fathers’ time with children // American Journal of Sociology. 2004. Vol. 110, № 1. P. 1–21.
Schober P. Paternal Child Care and Relationship Quality: A Longitudinal Analysis of Reciprocal Associations // Journal of Marriage and the Family. 2012. Vol. 74. P. 281–296.
Spain D., Bianchi S. Balancing Act: Motherhood, Marriage and Employment Among American Women. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1996. 256 p.
Wajcman J. Pressed for Time. London: University of Chicago Press, 2015. 224 p.
West C., Zimmerman D. Doing Gender // Gender and Society. 1987. Vol. 1, № 2. P. 125–151.
Wilson K., Prior M. Father Involvement and Child Well‐Being // Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health. 2011. Vol. 47, № 7. P. 405–407.
Yeung J., Glauber R. Time use patterns for children in low income families. Paper presented to Childhood Poverty Seminar. Utah, 2004. 67 p.
Zuzanek J. The Effects of time use and time pressure on child-parent relationships. Waterloo: Otium Publications, 2000. 34 p.
Давлетшина Л.А. Территориальная сегрегация социального отцовства // Развитие регионоведческих исследований в Российской Федерации: особенности и основные направления : сб. ст. Всерос. науч.-практ. конф. (г. Казань, 7 декабря 2018 г.) / Ин-т татарской энциклопедии и регионоведения АН РТ; отв. ред. Р.В. Шайдуллин, Л.М. Айнутдинова. Казань, 2018. C. 253–260.
Adler M., Lenz K. Father Involvement in the Early Years: An International Comparison of Policy and Practice. Bristol: Policy Press, 2017. 272 p.
Allen J., Hawkins A. Maternal gatekeeping: Mothers’ beliefs and behaviours that inhibit greater father involvement in family work // Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1999. Vol. 60, № 1. P. 809–820.
Barro R.J., Sala-i-Martin X. Economic growth and convergence across the United States. Cambridge: NBER, 1990. 61 p.
Barsukov V.N. From the demographic dividend to population ageing: world trends in the systemwide transition // Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast. 2019. Vol. 12, № 4. P. 167–182.
Baxter J. The Joys and Justice of Housework // Sociology. 2000. Vol. 34, № 4. P. 609–631.
Baxter J., Western M. Satisfaction with Housework: Examining the Paradox // Sociology. 1998. Vol. 32, № 1. P. 101–120.
Belsky J., Gilstrap B., Rovine M. The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, 1: Stability and change in mother-infant and father-infant interaction in a family setting at one, three, and nine months // Child Development. 1984. Vol. 55. P. 692–705.
Bianchi S.M. Maternal employment and time with children: dramatic change or surprising continuity? // Demography. 2000. Vol. 37, № 4. P. 401–414.
Craig L., Mullen K. How Mothers and Fathers Share Childcare: A Cross‐National Time‐Use Comparison // American Sociological Review. 2011. Vol. 76, № 6. P. 834–861.
Dermott E. Intimate Fatherhood: A Sociological Analysis. London: Routledge, 2008. 177 p.
Eggebeen D.J., Knoester C. Does Fatherhood Matter for Men? // Journal of Marriage and Family. 2001. Vol. 63. P. 381–393.
Fagan C., Norman H. Trends and Social Divisions in Maternal Employment Patterns Following Maternity Leave in the UK // International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. 2012. Vol. 32, № 9. P. 544–560.
Fox B. When Couples Become Parents: The Creation of Gender in the Transition to Parenthood. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 334 p.
Glass J., Fujimoto T. Housework, Paid Work, and Depression Among Husbands and Wives // Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1994. Vol. 35, № 2. P. 179–191.
Himsel A., Goldberg W. Social Comparison and Satisfaction with the Division of Housework: Implications for Men's and Women's Role Strain // Journal of Family Issues. 2003. Vol. 24. P. 843–866.
Hochschild A., Machung A. The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home. New York: Penguin, 2012. 352 p.
Hohmann-Marriott B. Father Involvement Ideals and the Union Transitions of Unmarried Parents // Journal of Family Issues. 2009. Vol. 30, № 7. P. 898–920.
Kan M.Y., Sullivan O., Gershuny J. Gender Convergence in Domestic Work: Discerning the Effects of Interactional and Institutional Barriers from Large‐Scale Data // Sociology. 2011. Vol. 45, № 2. P. 234–251.
Kodz J. Working long hours: a review of the evidence. Employment Relations Research series. London: Department of Trade and Industry, 2003. 262 p.
Lamb M.E., Chuang S.S., Hwang C.P. Internal reliability, temporal stability, and correlates of individual differences in paternal involvement: a 15-year longitudinal study. Re-conceptualizing and measuring father involvement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004. P. 129–148.
Lamb M.E., Pleck J.H., Charnov E.L., Levine J.A. A biosocial perspective on paternal behavior and involvement. Parenting across the lifespan: biosocial dimensions. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter. 1987. P. 111–142.
Lively K.J., Steelman L.C., Powell B. Equity, Emotion, and Household Division of Labor // Social Psychology Quarterly. 2010. Vol. 73, № 4. P. 358–379.
Lyonette C., Crompton R. Sharing the Load? Partners’ Relative Earnings and the Division of Domestic Labour // Work, Employment and Society. 2015. Vol. 29, № 1. P. 23–40.
McBride B.A., Rane T.R. Parenting alliance as a predictor of father involvement: an exploratory study // Family Relations. 1998. Vol. 47. P. 229–236.
McClain L. Better Parents, More Stable Partners: Union Transitions Among Cohabiting Parents // Journal of Marriage and Family. 2011. Vol. 73, № 5. 889–901.
Myrskylä M., Kohler H.-P., Billari F. C. Advances in development reverse fertility declines // Nature. 2009. № 460. P. 741-743.
Myrskylä M., Kohler H.-P., Billari F. C. High development and fertility: fertility at older reproductive ages and gender equality explain the positive link. MPIDR Working Paper WP-2011-017. 2011. 55 p.
Norman H. Paternal Involvement in Childcare: How Can it Be Classified and What Are the Key Influences // Families, Relationships and Societies. 2017. Vol. 6, № 1. P. 89–105.
Oakley A. The Sociology of Housework. Oxford, Blackwell, 1985. 243 p.
Ono H. Husbands’ and Wives’ Resources and Marital Dissolution // Journal of Marriage and Family. 1998. Vol. 60. P. 674–689.
Oppenheimer K. Women's Employment and the Gain to Marriage: The Specialization and Trading Model // Annual Review of Sociology. 1997. Vol. 23. P. 431–453.
Palkovitz R. Involved fathering and men's adult development: provisional balances. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. 326 p.
Pleck J.H. Working wives, working husbands. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1985. 122 p.
Pleck J.H. Parental involvement: levels, sources and consequences. The role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley, 1997. P. 66–103.
Pleck J.H., Masciadrelli B.P. Parental involvement: levels, sources and consequences. The role of the father in child development. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. P. 222–271.
Prince‐Cooke L. Doing’ Gender in Context: Household Bargaining and Risk of Divorce in Germany and the United States // American Journal of Sociology. 2006. Vol. 112, № 2. P. 442–472.
Ruppanner L., Branden M., Turenen J. Does Unequal Housework Lead to Divorce? Evidence from Sweden // Sociology. 2017. Vol. 52, № 1. P. 75–94.
Sandberg J.F., Hofferth S.L. Changes in children's time with parents: US 1981–1997 // Demography. 2001. Vol. 38, № 3. P. 423–436.
Sayer L., Bianchi S.M., Robinson J.P. Are parents Investing less in children? Trends in mothers’ and fathers’ time with children // American Journal of Sociology. 2004. Vol. 110, № 1. P. 1–21.
Schober P. Paternal Child Care and Relationship Quality: A Longitudinal Analysis of Reciprocal Associations // Journal of Marriage and the Family. 2012. Vol. 74. P. 281–296.
Spain D., Bianchi S. Balancing Act: Motherhood, Marriage and Employment Among American Women. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1996. 256 p.
Wajcman J. Pressed for Time. London: University of Chicago Press, 2015. 224 p.
West C., Zimmerman D. Doing Gender // Gender and Society. 1987. Vol. 1, № 2. P. 125–151.
Wilson K., Prior M. Father Involvement and Child Well‐Being // Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health. 2011. Vol. 47, № 7. P. 405–407.
Yeung J., Glauber R. Time use patterns for children in low income families. Paper presented to Childhood Poverty Seminar. Utah, 2004. 67 p.
Zuzanek J. The Effects of time use and time pressure on child-parent relationships. Waterloo: Otium Publications, 2000. 34 p.
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
APA
Ильдарханова, Ч. И., & Барсуков, В. Н. (2019). Состояние и трансформация института отцовства: обзор зарубежных исследований. Гуманитарий Юга России, 8(6), 211-227. https://doi.org/10.23683/2227-8656.2019.6.14
Раздел
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ СТРУКТУРА И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ИНСТИТУТЫ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ
