Trust and Ethnic Attitudes as Elements of Regional Social Capital
How to Cite
Ryzhova S.V. 2019. Trust and Ethnic Attitudes as Elements of Regional Social Capital — Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika. Vol. 7. No. 2. P. 81-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.2.6411
Abstract
Based on research conducted in eight Russian regions, trust and ethnic attitudes are analyzed as parts of regional social capital. It is concluded that in communities with a high level of ethnicity bonding (according to R. Putnam), social capital helps to sustain their cultural identity, while bridging social capital creates the conditions for the formation of the civil society. Intra-ethnic trust, ethnic solidarity, actualized ethnic identity and ethnopolitical mobilization are analyzed as parts of the bonding social capital. Inter-ethnic and generalized trust, trust in neighbors and colleagues, ethnic tolerance and readiness for the integration of migrants are considered as elements of bridging social capital. Ethnic diversity of Russian society can be converted into social capital, however, these processes occur unevenly in different regions. Ethnic solidarity is the most influential element of bonding social capital, it is made manifest from 70% in Tatarstan to 95% in Astrakhan region. Bridging social capital is more differentiated. For example, figures for such elements as trust in neighbors and colleagues and readiness for the integration of migrants in Moscow and Moscow region are much lower than in other regions. At the same time, it is in Moscow that generalized trust as the key element of the bridging social capital is actively involved in the formation of ethnic tolerance. In order for the democracy attitudes and civil structures to be successfully established in the regional communities, there should be a balance between intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic trust together with high level of confidence in the regional and local governments, as well as in the judiciary system. But the development of the civic culture is still lagging behind the cultural level of inter-ethnic trust: in all the regions under analysis, confidence in regional and local authorities is below the level of the inter-ethnic trust.
Keywords:
social capital, trust, inter-ethnic trust, ethnic solidarity, ethnic attitudes, regions of Russia
References
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Erikson E. Identichnost’: junost’ i krizis. [Identity: youth and crisis]. Per s angl. A. D. Andreeva, A. M. Prihozhan, V. I. Rivosh, N. N. Tolstyh; ed by. A. V. Tolstyh. M.: Flinta; MPSI; Progress publ., 2006. 352 p. (In Russ.).
Fukujama F. Doverie: sotsial’nye dobrodeteli i put’ k protsvetaniju. [Trust: social virtues and the path to prosperity]. Per. s angl. D. Pavlova, V. Kirjuschenko, M. Kolopotin. M.: AST Moskva; Hranitel’ publ., 2006. 730 p. (In Russ.).
Inglhart R., Vel’tsel’ K. Modernizatsija, kul’turnye izmenenija i demokratija: Posledovatel’nost’ chelovecheskogo razvitija. [Modernization, cultural change and democracy: Consistency of human development]. M.: Novoe izdatel’stvo publ., 2011. 464 p. (In Russ.).
Kozyreva P. M. Mezhlichnostnoe doverie v kontekste formirovanija sotsial’nogo kapitala. [Interpersonal trust in the context of social capital formation]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovanija. 2009. № 1. P. 43–54. (In Russ.).
Koulman Dzh. Kapital sotsial’nyj i chelovecheskij. [Social and human capital]. Obschestvennye nauki i sovremennost’. 2001. № 3. P. 121–139. (In Russ.).
Mezhnatsional’noe soglasie kak resurs konsolidatsii rossijskogo obschestva. Sotsiokul’turnyj i religioznyj konteksty. [Interethnic harmony as a resource of consolidation of Russian society. Socio-cultural and religious contexts]. Ed. by L. M. Drobizheva; In-t sotsiologii RAN. M.: IS RAN publ., 2016. 400 p. (In Russ.).
Omel’chenko D. A., Maksimova S. G., Nojanzina O. Е. Generalizovannoe (obobschennoe) doverie v rossijskih prigranichnyh regionah kak pokazatel’ sotsial’noj bezopasnosti. [Generalized trust in Russian border regions as an indicator of social security]. Society and Security Insights. 2018. T. 1. №. 2. P. 11–28. (In Russ.).
Papakostas A. Stanovlenie tsivilizovannoj publichnoj sfery: Nedoverie, doverie i korruptsija. [Formation of civilized public sphere: Distrust, trust and corruption]. Per.s angl. D. Zhiharevich. M.: VTSIOM publ., 2016. 224 p. (In Russ.).
Patnem R. Chtoby demokratija srabotala. Grazhdanskie traditsii v sovremennoj Italii. [For democracy to work. Civil traditions in modern Italy]. Per. s angl. A. Zaharov. M.: Ad Marginem publ., 1996. 288 p. (In Russ.).
Ryzhova S. V. Doverie i etnicheskaja tolerantnost’ v uslovijah sotsial’nyh peremen. [Trust and ethnic tolerance in the context of social cha]. Sotsiologicheskij zhurnal. 2016. T. 22. № 1. P. 72–94. (In Russ.).
Shtompka P. Doverie – osnova obschestva. [Trust is the Foundation of society]. M.: Logos publ., 2014. 440 p. (In Russ.).
Sychev A. A. Mezhetnicheskoe doverie. [Inter-ethnic trust]. Vestnik PNIPU. Kul’tura. Istorija, Filosofija. Pravo. 2017. № 1. P. 15–23. (In Russ.).
Tatarko A. N. Sotsial’no-psihologicheskij kapital lichnosti v polikul’turnom obschestve. [Sociopsychological capital of personality in a multicultural society]. M.: In-t psihologii RAN publ., 2014. 384 p. (In Russ.).
Tejlor Ch. Demokraticheskoe iskljuchenie (i lekarstvo ot nego?). [A democratic exception (and a cure for it?)]. Mul’tikul’turalizm i transformatsija postsovetskih obschestv. Ed. by V. S. Malahov i V. A. Tishkov. M.: In-t etnologii i antropologii RAN; IF RAN publ., 2002. P. 11–37. (In Russ.).
Vsemirnoe issledovanie tsennostej. [World values survey]. [Elektronnyj resurs]. World Values Survey: [veb-sajt]. URL: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSOnline.jsp (data obraschenija: 23.05.2019). (In Russ.).
Zinchenko V. P. Psihologija doverija. [Psychology of trust]. Samara: SIOKPP publ., 2001. 104 p. (In Russ.).
Handelman D. The Organization of Ethnicity. Ethnic Groups. An International Periodical of Ethnic Studies Bronx. NY. 1977. Т. 1. №. 3. P. 187–200.
Putnam R. D. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon and Schuster, New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, 2001. 541 p.
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
Harvard
Ryzhova, S. V. (2019) ’Trust and Ethnic Attitudes as Elements of Regional Social Capital’, Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika, 7(2), pp. 81-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.2.6411.
Section
ETHNOSOCIOLOGY
Publisher: Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS)