Factors of Income Stratification of Russian Society: Methodology of the Analysis and Role Ascriptive Characteristics. Part 2
Acknowledgments
The article is prepared in the framework of the project " Russia and the worldinteraction of internal and external factors of development of the country and their reflection in mass consciousness
How to Cite
Karavay A.V. 2018. Factors of Income Stratification of Russian Society: Methodology of the Analysis and Role Ascriptive Characteristics. Part 2 — Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 34-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2018.6.2.5855
Abstract
This article continues the presentation of results of the study, the first part of which was published in the previous issue of the journal. On the basis of the monitoring survey carried out by Institute of Sociology RAS (October 2015, N=4000), various groups of factors determining the place of individuals in the income hierarchy of the Russian society are analyzed using multinomial regression models. It is shown that for relatively prosperous middle and high - income strata these are different groups of factors than for low-income ones. The main factor that currently reduces the risks of poverty in Russia is accumulated human capital, while poor health and high dependency burden increase these risks. At the same time, for the prosperous (middle – and high-income) strata it is important to possess not only high-quality human capital, social network resource or physiological resource (health), but also cultural capital in the interpretation of P. Bourdieu, i.e. specific conditions of socialization – parents’ educational level and place of residence in childhood. High income strata are distinguished from other strata by the inclusion of their representatives in the processes of continuing education and relatively smaller dependency burden in comparison to middle- and, especially, low-income strata. It is also demonstrated that the main structural barrier for upward income mobility is the state of local labor markets, on the majority of which the number of workplaces that require high-quality human capital is relatively small, which does not contribute to its growth. As a result, upward income mobility is hindered by factors that are weakly dependent on the individual's personal qualities and actions, and his income is determined primarily by his place of birth and residence.
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Karavay A.V. Sotsial'nyy kapital rossiyskikh rabochikh i ikh ustanovki v otnoshenii ego nakopleniya. [Russian workers: social capital and capital accumulation settings]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny. 2016. № 3. P. 1–15. (In Russ.).
Khakhulina L.A., Tuchek M. Raspredelenie dokhodov: bednye i bogatye v postsotsialisticheskikh obshchestvakh (nekotorye rezul'taty sravnitel'nogo analiza). [Distribution of income: the poor and the rich in post-socialist societies (some results of the comparative analysis)]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny. 1995. № 1. P. 18–22. (In Russ.).
Kozyreva P.M. Resursy i praktiki sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoy adaptatsii naseleniya Rossii. [Resources and practice of social and economic adaptation of the population of Russia]. Moscow: Novyy khronograf publ., 2013. 328 p. (In Russ.).
Lezhnina Yu.P. Sem'ya dlya srednedokhodnykh sloev naseleniya: tyl ili risk? [Middle-income families in Russia: comparing domestic support and exposure to risk]. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsial'noy politiki. 2017. Vol. 15. № 3. P. 435–452. (In Russ.).
Lezhnina Yu.P. Sotsial'no-demograficheskie faktory, opredelyayushchie risk bednosti i maloobespechennosti. [The social demographic factors defining risk of poverty and low-sufficiency]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2010. No. 3. pp. 36-45. (In Russ.).
Loginov D.M., Avraamova E.M. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaya adaptatsiya: resursy i vozmozhnosti. [Social and economic adaptation: resources and opportunities]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2002. № 5. P. 24–34. (In Russ.).
Marno V. Modeli s mnozhestvennym otklikom. [Models with a multiple response]. Putevoditel' po sovremennoy ekonometrike. Per. s angl. V.A. Bannikova. Nauch. red. i predisl. S.A. Ayvazyana. M.: Nauchnaya kniga publ., 2008. P. 316–329. (In Russ.).
Ovcharova L.N. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie podkhody k otsenke urovnya, profilya i faktorov bednosti: rossiyskiy i mezhdunarodnyy opyt. [Theoretical and practical approaches to assessment of level, profile and factors of poverty: Russian and international experience] Moscow: M-Studio publ., 2009. 268 p. (In Russ.).
Ovcharova L.N., Popova D.O, Rudberg A.M. Dekompozitsiya faktorov neravenstva dokhodov v sovremennoy Rossii. [Decomposition of Income Inequality in Contemporary Russia]. Zhurnal novoy ekonomicheskoy assotsiatsii. 2016. № 3 (31). P. 170–186. (In Russ.).
Radaev V.V. Ponyatie kapitala, formy kapitalov i ikh konvertatsiya. [Concept of the capital, form of the capitals and their converting]. Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya. 2002. T. 3. № 4. P. 20–32. (In Russ.).
Rossiya v tsifrah. 2016: Krat.stat.sb. [Russia in figures. 2016: Short statistical collection]. Rosstat–Moscow publ., 2016, 543 p. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/rusfig/rus16.pdf (Data obrascheniya: 16.11.2017) (In Russ.).
Sivukha S.V., Titma M.Kh. Sotsial'nye determinanty samootsenki uspekha. [Social determinants of a self-assessment of success]. Sotsial'noe rassloenie vozrastnoy kogorty. Ed. by M.Kh Titma. Moscow: In-t sotsiologii RAN publ., 1997. P. 250–274. (In Russ.).
Slobodenyuk E.D. Faktory absolyutnoy i sub"ektivnoy bednosti v sovremennoy Rossii. [Factors of absolute and subjective poverty in modern Russia]. Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniya. Dannye. Analiz. Diskussii. 2016. № 3–4. P. 82–92. (In Russ.).
Slobodenyuk E.D. Posledstviya krizisa 2015 g.: obednenie ili prekarizatsiya? [Consequences of the 2015 crisis: slipping into poverty or precarity?]. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsial'noy politiki. 2017. № 2. P. 183–200. (In Russ.).
Tereshchenko O.V. Mnogomernyy statisticheskiy analiz dannykh v sotsial'nykh naukakh: ucheb. Posobie. [The multidimensional statistical analysis of data in social sciences: study guide]. Minsk: BGU publ., 2012. 239 p. (In Russ.).
Tereshchenko O.V., Titma M.Kh. Differentsiatsiya dokhodov v kogorte tridtsatiletnikh [Differentiation of income in a cohort of thirty-year-old]. Sotsiologicheskiy zhurnal. 1996. № 3–4. P. 196–217. (In Russ.).
Tikhonova N.E. Sotsial'naya struktura Rossii: teorii i real'nost'. [Social structure of Russia: theories and reality]. Moscow: Novyy khronograf: In‑t sotsiologii RAN publ., 2014. 408 p. (In Russ.).
Tikhonova N.E. Stratifikatsiya po dokhodu v Rossii: spetsifika modeli i vektor izmeneniy. [Income Stratification in Russia: Model Specifics and Vector of Dynamics]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2017. № 2. P. 23–35. (In Russ.).
Tikhonova N.E., Karavay A.V. Chelovecheskiy kapital rossiyskikh rabochikh: obshchee sostoyanie i spetsificheskie osobennosti. [The Human Capital of Russian Workers: The Overall State and Its Specifics]. Mir Rossii. 2017. № 3. P. 6–35. (In Russ.).
Anikin V.A., Lezhnina Yu.P., Mareeva S.V., Slobodenyuk E.D., Tikhonovа N.Е. Income stratification: Key approaches and their application to Russia // Higher School of Economics Research Paper No. WP BRP 02/PSP/2016. Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2016.
Bourdieu P., Passeron J.C. Reproduction in education, society and culture. London: Sage, 1990. Vol. 4.
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Harvard
Karavay, A. V. (2018) ’Factors of Income Stratification of Russian Society: Methodology of the Analysis and Role Ascriptive Characteristics. Part 2’, Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika, 6(2), pp. 34-51. doi: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2018.6.2.5855.
Section
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY
Publisher: Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS)