Экологическая маскулинность: ответ на социальные кризисы нашего времени
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Хультман М., Пуле П., Понарина Л. В. Экологическая маскулинность: ответ на социальные кризисы нашего времени // Народонаселение. 2020. Том 23. № 2. С. 61-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.6
Аннотация
В статье представлен критический анализ конфигураций маскулинности, доминирующих в политике во всем мире, обозначаемый авторами терминами «индустриальная маскулинность / маскулинность кормильца» и «современная экологическая маскулинность». Раскрыта авторская позиция, состоящая в том, что первые два типа маскулинности определенно и очевидно препятствуют благополучию планеты. В тексте предложен эмпирический и теоретический анализ «экологической маскулинности», рассматривающий достижения и недостатки исследований в области маскулинности, глубинной экологии, экологического феминизма, а также феминистской теории заботы. Внимание в статье сосредоточено на необходимости «экологизации» маскулинности, а также на том, что мужчинам необходимо изменить модель своих отношений на более «экологичную» как по отношению к сами себе, так и к другим. С целью обоснования необходимости перехода от гегемонизации к экологизации рассматривается понятие необходимых конфигураций вне рамок индустриальной маскулинности / маскулинности кормильца и современной экологической маскулинности. Авторы утверждают, что раскрытие потенциала и разрешение антропоцентрических разногласий между Землей, иными существами и людьми возможно непосредственно в рамках конструктов человечества. Предлагаемое понятие экологической маскулинности — это конструктивная реакция на роли мужчин и типы мужской идентичности в эпоху антропоцена. Политика выхода, имеющая решающее значение для понимания экологической маскулинности, представляет собой теоретическую базу и множество практик, отражающих процесс экологизации маскулинности. Авторы призывают к продолжению исследований теории и практики в области маскулинности, целью которых может стать всеобъемлющая и серьезная забота о глокальных (глобальных и локальных) общественных благах.
Ключевые слова:
индустриальная маскулинность, маскулинность кормильца, современная экологическая маскулинность, глубинная экология, экологический феминизм, глокальность
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2. Kimmel M., Hearn J., Connell R. (Eds.) Handbook of Studies on Men and Masculinities. Thousand Oaks. SAGE. 2005.
3. Connell R., Pearse R. Gender in World Perspective (3rd ed.). Cambridge. Polity Press. 2015.
4. Hultman M., Pulé P. Ecological Masculinities: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Guidance. Milton Park. Routledge. 2018.
5. Connell R. A whole new world: Remaking masculinity in the context of the environmental movement. Gender and Society. 1990. Vol. 4(4). P. 452–478.
6. Haraway D. Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making kin. Environmental Humanities. 2015. Vol. 6(1). P. 159–165.
7. Pease B. Reconstructing masculinity or ending manhood? The potential and limitations of transforming masculine subjectivities for gender equality. In: A. Carabí, J. Armengol (Eds.). Alternative Masculinities for a Changing World. New York. Palgrave Macmillan. 2014. P. 17–34.
8. Salovaara H. Male adventure athletes and their relationships to nature. Conference paper. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303234498_Male_Adventure_Athletes_and_Their_Relationship_to_Nature (Accessed: 23 May 2017).
9. Enarson E., Pease B. (Eds.). Men, Masculinities and Disaster. Milton Park. Routledge. 2016.
10. MacGregor S., Seymour N. (Eds.). Men and Nature: Hegemonic Masculinities and Environmental Change. Munich. RCC Perspectives. 2017.
11. MacGregor S. (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Gender and Environment. Milton Park. Routledge. 2017. Requena-Pelegrí T. Green intersections: Caring masculinities and the environmental crisis. In: J. Armengol, M. Vilarrubias (Eds.). Masculinities and Literary Studies: Intersections and New Directions. New York. Routledge. 2017. P. 143–152.
12. Gaard G. Critical Ecofeminism. Lanham. Lexington Books. 2017.
13. Gaard G. Towards new ecomasculinities, ecogenders, and ecosexualities. In: C. Adams, L. Gruen (Eds.). Ecofeminism: Feminist Intersections with other Animals and the Earth. New York. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2014. P. 225–240.
14. Angus I. Facing the Anthropocene: Fossil Capitalism and the Crisis of the Earth System. New York. Monthly Review Press. 2016.
15. Haraway D. When Species Meet. Minnesota. University of Minnesota Press. 2007.
16. Gibson-Graham J. A feminist project of belonging for the Anthropocene. Gender, Place and Culture. 2011. Vol. 18(01). P. 1–21.
17. Harcourt W., Nelson I. (Eds.) Practising Feminist Political Ecologies: Beyond the «Green Economy». London. Zed Books. 2015.
18. Di Chiro G. Welcome to the white (m) Anthropocene? A feminist-environmentalist critique. In S. MacGregor (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Gender and Environment. Milton Park. Routledge. 2017. P. 487–505.
19. Warren K. Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why it Matters. Lanham. Rowman & Littlefield. 2000.
20. Hultman M. The making of an environmental hero: A history of ecomodern masculinity, fuel cells and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Environmental Humanities. 2013. Vol. 2(1). P. 79–99.
21. Hultman M. Natures of masculinities: conceptualising industrial, ecomodern and ecological masculinities. In S. Buckingham and V. le Masson Understanding Climate Change through Gender Relations. London. Routledge. 2017. P. 87–101.
22. Connell R. Foreword: Masculinities in the Sociocene. In: S. MacGregor, N. Seymour (Eds.). Men and Nature: Hegemonic Masculinities and Environmental Change. Munich. RCC Perspectives. 2017. P. 5–8.
23. Anshelm J., Hultman M. A green fatwā? Climate change as a threat to the masculinity of industrial modernity. International Journal for Masculinity Studies. 2014. Vol. 9(2). P. 84–96.
24. Supran G., Oreskes N. Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications (1977–2014). Environmental Research Letters. 2017. Vol. 12(8). P. 1–18.
25. Hultman M., Anshelm J. Masculinities of climate change. Exploring examples of industrial, ecomodern and ecological masculinities in the age of Anthropocene. In: M. Cohen (Ed.). Climate Change and Gender in Rich Countries. London. Routledge. 2017. P. 19–34.
26. Adler F., Beck S., Brand K., Brand U., Graf R., Huff T., Zeller T. Ökologische Modernisierung: zur Geschichte und Gegenwart eines Konzepts in Umweltpolitik und Sozialwissenschaften [Ecological Modernisation: the History and Present of a Concept in Environmental Policy and Social Sciences]. Frankfurt. Campus Verlag. 2014. (in German)
27. Hultman M., Yaras A. The socio-technological history of hydrogen and fuel cells in Sweden 1978– 2005: Mapping the innovation trajectory. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2012. Vol. 37(17). P. 12043–12053.
28. Fiegerman S. Elon Musk to Quit Tesla, jumps on a Bitcoin tech startup. Available at: http://cnn-newsreport.com/Elon-Mask-invests-72-million-on-a-bitcoin-tech-startup/ (Accessed: 4 October 2017).
29. Abraham D. The Elements of Power: Gadgets, Guns, and the Struggle for a Sustainable Future in the Rare Metal Age. New Haven. Yale University Press. 2015.
30. Connell R. Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics. Stanford. Stanford University Press. 1987.
31. Connell R. Masculinities (2nd ed.). Cambridge. Polity Press. 1995.
32. Næss A. The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement: A summary. Inquiry. 1973. Vol. 16. P. 95–100.
33. Kheel M. Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective. Lanham. Rowman & Littlefield. 2008.
34. Diehm C. Natural disasters. In: C. Brown, T. Toadvine (Eds.). Eco-Phenomenology: Back to the Earth Itself. Albany. State University of New York Press. 2003. P. 171–185.
35. Plumwood V. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. London. Routledge. 1993.
36. Cuomo C. Sexual politics in environmental ethics: Impacts, causes, alternatives. In: S. Gardiner, A. Thompson (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Ethics. New York. Oxford University Press. 2017. P. 288–300.
37. Puig de la Bellacasa M. Making time for soil: Technoscientific futurity and the pace of care. Social Studies of Science. 2015. Vol. 45(5). P. 691–716.
38. Van Dooren T. Care: Living lexicon for the environmental humanities. Environmental Humanities. 2014. Vol. 5. P. 291–294.
Статья
Поступила: 20.03.2020
Опубликована: 09.06.2020
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
APA
Хультман, М., Пуле, П., & Понарина, Л. В. (2020). Экологическая маскулинность: ответ на социальные кризисы нашего времени. Народонаселение, 23(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.6
Раздел
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОБЛЕМ
